The Art of War Is a Film Series Movies

Ancient Chinese military treatise by Sunday Tzu

The Art of State of war

Author	(trad.) Sun Tzu
Land	China
Language	Classical Chinese
Field of study	Military art
Publication date	5th century BC
Text	The Art of War at Wikisource

The Art of War
Traditional Chinese	孫子兵法
Simplified Chinese	孙子兵法
Literal significant	"Principal Sunday'southward Military Methods"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Sūnzǐ bīngfǎ Wade–Giles Dominicusone-tzŭ3 ping1-faiii IPA [swə́ntsɹ̩̀ píŋfà] Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Syūnjí bīngfaat Jyutping Syuni-zi2 bing1-faat3 IPA [sýːntsǐː péŋfāːt̚] Southern Min Tâi-lô Dominicus-tzú ping-huat Old Chinese Baxter–Sagart (2014) *sˤun tsəʔ praŋ p.kap

The Art of War (Chinese: 孫子兵法) is an aboriginal Chinese military treatise dating from the Tardily Spring and Autumn Period (roughly 5th century BC). The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese war machine strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Lord's day"), is composed of 13 chapters. Each 1 is devoted to a dissimilar gear up of skills (or "art") related to warfare and how information technology applies to military machine strategy and tactics. For most 1,500 years it was the pb text in an anthology that was formalized as the Seven Armed forces Classics past Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080. The Art of War remains the nigh influential strategy text in E Asian warfare^[one] and has influenced both Far Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy, lifestyles and beyond.

The book contains a detailed caption and analysis of the fifth-century BC Chinese military, from weapons and strategy to rank and subject. Sun as well stressed the importance of intelligence operatives and espionage to the war effort. Considered ane of history's finest military tacticians and analysts, his teachings and strategies formed the footing of advanced military grooming for millennia to come up.

The book was translated into French and published in 1772 (re-published in 1782) past the French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot. A partial translation into English language was attempted by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905 under the title The Book of War. The offset annotated English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910.^[two] Armed services and political leaders such equally the Chinese communist revolutionary Mao Zedong, Japanese daimyō Takeda Shingen, Vietnamese general Võ Nguyên Giáp, and American military general Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. are all cited as having fatigued inspiration from the volume.^[3]

History [edit]

Text and commentaries [edit]

The Art of War is traditionally attributed to an ancient Chinese military general known as Dominicus Tzu (now Romanized "Sunzi") meaning "Master Lord's day". Lord's day Tzu was traditionally said to have lived in the 6th century BC, simply The Art of War 's earliest parts probably date to at least 100 years later.^[4]

Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, the kickoff of China's 24 dynastic histories, records an early Chinese tradition that a text on military matters was written by 1 "Lord's day Wu" ( 孫武 ) from the Country of Qi, and that this text had been read and studied by Rex Helü of Wu ( r. 514 BC – 495 BC).^[5] This text was traditionally identified with the received Chief Sun'due south Art of War. The conventional view was that Sun Wu was a military theorist from the terminate of the Spring and Autumn menses (776–471 BC) who fled his dwelling house state of Qi to the southeastern kingdom of Wu, where he is said to accept impressed the king with his power to train even "dainty palace ladies" in warfare and to have fabricated Wu's armies powerful enough to challenge their western rivals in the land of Chu. This view is still widely held in People's republic of china.^[vi]

The strategist, poet, and warlord Cao Cao in the early 3rd century Advertizing authored the earliest known commentary to the Art of War.^[5] Cao'due south preface makes articulate that he edited the text and removed certain passages, merely the extent of his changes were unclear historically.^[5] The Art of State of war appears throughout the bibliographical catalogs of the Chinese dynastic histories, but listings of its divisions and size varied widely.^[5]

[edit]

Beginning effectually the 12th century, some Chinese scholars began to incertitude the historical existence of Sun Tzu, primarily on the grounds that he is non mentioned in the historical classic The Commentary of Zuo (Zuo Zhuan), which mentions nearly of the notable figures from the Spring and Fall menstruation.^[five] The proper name "Lord's day Wu" ( 孫武 ) does not appear in whatsoever text prior to the Records of the Grand Historian,^[7] and has been suspected to be a made-up descriptive cognomen pregnant "the fugitive warrior": the surname "Sun" is glossed equally the related term "fugitive" ( xùn , 遜 ), while "Wu" is the aboriginal Chinese virtue of "martial, valiant" ( wǔ , 武 ), which corresponds to Sunzi's role as the hero's doppelgänger in the story of Wu Zixu.^[8] In the early on 20th century, the Chinese writer and reformer Liang Qichao theorized that the text was actually written in the fourth century BC by Sun Tzu's purported descendant Sun Bin, as a number of historical sources mention a military treatise he wrote.^[5] Dissimilar Sun Wu, Sun Bin appears to accept been an actual person who was a genuine authorisation on armed forces matters, and may have been the inspiration for the creation of the historical figure "Sun Tzu" through a grade of euhemerism.^[8]

In 1972, the Yinqueshan Han slips were discovered in two Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 Ad) tombs nigh the city of Linyi in Shandong Province.^[9] Amid the many bamboo sideslip writings independent in the tombs, which had been sealed betwixt 134 and 118  BC, respectively were two separate texts, i attributed to "Sunday Tzu", corresponding to the received text, and another attributed to Sun Bin, which explains and expands upon the earlier The Fine art of State of war by Sunzi.^[ten] The Sunday Bin text's material overlaps with much of the "Dominicus Tzu" text, and the two may be "a single, continuously developing intellectual tradition united under the Sun name".^[11] This discovery showed that much of the historical confusion was due to the fact that there were two texts that could have been referred to every bit "Master Lord's day'due south Art of State of war", non one.^[10] The content of the earlier text is about one-tertiary of the chapters of the modern The Art of War, and their text matches very closely.^[nine] It is now by and large accepted that the earlier The Art of War was completed erstwhile between 500 and 430 BC.^[10]

The 13 chapters [edit]

The Art of War is divided into thirteen chapters (or piān ); the collection is referred to every bit being one zhuàn ("whole" or alternatively "chronicle").

The Art of War affiliate names and contents

Chapter	Lionel Giles (1910)[12]	R. L. Wing (1988)	Ralph D. Sawyer (1996)	Chow-Hou Wee (2003)	Michael Nylan (2020)	Contents
I	Laying Plans	The Calculations	Initial Estimations	Detail Assessment and Planning (Chinese: 始計)	Kickoff Calculations	Explores the five fundamental factors (the Way, seasons, terrain, leadership, and management) and seven elements that determine the outcomes of military engagements. By thinking, assessing and comparing these points, a commander can calculate his chances of victory. Habitual difference from these calculations volition ensure failure via improper activity. The text stresses that state of war is a very grave matter for the state and must not exist commenced without due consideration.
2	Waging State of war	The Challenge	Waging War	Waging War (Chinese: 作戰)	Initiating Battle	Explains how to understand the economy of warfare and how success requires winning decisive engagements apace. This department advises that successful war machine campaigns require limiting the cost of contest and disharmonize.
III	Attack by Stratagem	The Program of Set on	Planning Offensives	Strategic Assault (Chinese: 謀攻)	Planning an Attack	Defines the source of forcefulness every bit unity, not size, and discusses the five factors that are needed to succeed in whatsoever war. In order of importance, these critical factors are: Attack, Strategy, Alliances, Regular army and Cities.
IV	Tactical Dispositions	Positioning	Military Disposition	Disposition of the Army (Chinese: 軍形)	Forms to Perceive	Explains the importance of defending existing positions until a commander is capable of advancing from those positions in safety. It teaches commanders the importance of recognizing strategic opportunities, and teaches non to create opportunities for the enemy.
V	Apply of Free energy	Directing	Strategic Military Power	Forces (Chinese: 兵勢)	The Disposition of Power	Explains the use of creativity and timing in building an army's momentum.
VI	Weak Points and Strong	Illusion and Reality	Vacuity and Substance	Weaknesses and Strengths (Chinese: 虛實)	Weak and Strong	Explains how an army'southward opportunities come from the openings in the environment acquired by the relative weakness of the enemy and how to respond to changes in the fluid battlefield over a given area.
Vii	Maneuvering an Army	Engaging The Force	Armed services Combat	Military Maneuvers (Chinese: 軍爭)	Contending Armies	Explains the dangers of direct conflict and how to win those confrontations when they are forced upon the commander.
Viii	Variation of Tactics	The 9 Variations	Nine Changes	Variations and Adaptability (Chinese: 九變)	Nine Contingencies	Focuses on the need for flexibility in an army's responses. It explains how to answer to shifting circumstances successfully.
IX	The Regular army on the March	Moving The Force	Maneuvering the Army	Movement and Development of Troops (Chinese: 行軍)	Fielding the Army	Describes the different situations in which an ground forces finds itself as it moves through new enemy territories, and how to respond to these situations. Much of this section focuses on evaluating the intentions of others.
X	Classification of Terrain	Situational Positioning	Configurations of Terrain	Terrain (Chinese: 地形)	Conformations of the Lands	Looks at the three general areas of resistance (distance, dangers and barriers) and the half-dozen types of ground positions that ascend from them. Each of these half-dozen field positions offers certain advantages and disadvantages.
XI	The Ix Situations	The Ix Situations	Nine Terrains	The Nine Battlegrounds (Chinese: 九地)	Nine Kinds of Basis	Describes the nine common situations (or stages) in a campaign, from scattering to deadly, and the specific focus that a commander will need in order to successfully navigate them.
XII	Attack by Burn down	The Fiery Assail	Incendiary Attacks	Attacking with Fire (Chinese: 火攻)	Attacks with Fire	Explains the general employ of weapons and the specific use of the environment as a weapon. This section examines the five targets for attack, the five types of environmental attack and the appropriate responses to such attacks.
XIII	Apply of Spies	The Apply of Intelligence	Employing Spies	Intelligence and Espionage (Chinese: 用間)	Using Spies	Focuses on the importance of developing proficient information sources, and specifies the 5 types of intelligence sources and how to best manage each of them.

Cultural influence [edit]

War machine and intelligence applications [edit]

Across E Asia, The Art of War was part of the syllabus for potential candidates of military service examinations.

During the Sengoku period (c.  1467–1568), the Japanese daimyō Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) is said to have become about invincible in all battles without relying on guns, because he studied The Fine art of War.^[13] The book even gave him the inspiration for his famous battle standard "Fūrinkazan" (Wind, Woods, Burn down and Mount), pregnant fast as the wind, silent as a forest, ferocious equally fire and immovable as a mountain.

The translator Samuel B. Griffith offers a chapter on "Sun Tzu and Mao Tse-Tung" where The Art of State of war is cited every bit influencing Mao's On Guerrilla Warfare, On the Protracted War and Strategic Bug of Mainland china's Revolutionary War, and includes Mao's quote: "We must not belittle the maxim in the book of Sun Wu Tzu, the great war machine expert of ancient China, 'Know your enemy and know yourself and you tin can fight a 1000 battles without disaster.'"^[13]

During the Vietnam State of war, some Vietcong officers extensively studied The Art of War and reportedly could recite entire passages from memory. General Võ Nguyên Giáp successfully implemented tactics described in The Art of War during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu ending major French involvement in Indochina and leading to the accords which partitioned Vietnam into Due north and South. General Võ, later the primary PVA military commander in the Vietnam State of war, was an gorging student and practitioner of Sun Tzu'south ideas.^[xiv] America'due south defeat at that place, more than than any other upshot, brought Sun Tzu to the attending of leaders of U.Southward. war machine theory.^{[fourteen] [15] [xvi]}

The Department of the Regular army in the U.s., through its Command and General Staff College, lists The Art of War equally i instance of a book that may exist kept at a war machine unit's library.^[17]

The Art of War is listed on the Marine Corps Professional Reading Program (formerly known as the Commandant's Reading Listing). Information technology is recommended reading for all Us Military Intelligence personnel.^[18]

The Art of War is used as instructional material at the United states Military Academy at W Point, in the class Military Strategy (470),^[19] and it is likewise recommended reading for Officer cadets at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. Some notable military leaders accept stated the post-obit about Sun Tzu and The Art of War:

"I ever kept a copy of The Art of State of war on my desk."^[20] – General Douglas MacArthur, five Star General & Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.

"I accept read The Fine art of War past Sun Tzu. He continues to influence both soldiers & politicians."^[21] – General Colin Powell, Chairman of the Articulation Chiefs of Staff, National Security Advisor, and Secretary of Land.

According to some authors, the strategy of deception from The Art of War was studied and widely used past the KGB: "I will force the enemy to accept our forcefulness for weakness, and our weakness for strength, and thus will plow his strength into weakness".^[22] The volume is widely cited by KGB officers in charge of disinformation operations in Vladimir Volkoff's novel Le Montage.

Finnish Field Marshal Mannerheim and full general Aksel Airo were avid readers of Fine art of War; Airo kept the volume on his bedside table in his quarters.^{[ citation needed ]}

Application outside the military machine [edit]

The Art of War has been applied to many fields outside of the military machine. Much of the text is about how to outsmart one's opponent without actually having to engage in concrete battle. Every bit such, information technology has found application every bit a preparation guide for many competitive endeavors that exercise non involve actual combat.

The Art of State of war is mentioned as an influence in the earliest known Chinese collection of stories almost fraud (mostly in the realm of commerce), Zhang Yingyu'due south The Book of Swindles ( Du pian xin shu , 杜騙新書 , c.  1617), which dates to the late Ming dynasty.^[23]

Many concern books take applied the lessons taken from the volume to function politics and corporate business strategy.^{[24] [25] [26]} Many Japanese companies make the volume required reading for their key executives.^[27] The book is too popular amidst Western business circles citing its utilitarian values regarding direction practices. Many entrepreneurs and corporate executives have turned to information technology for inspiration and advice on how to succeed in competitive business situations. The volume has also been practical to the field of education.^[28]

The Art of War has been the subject of legal books^[29] and legal articles on the trial process, including negotiation tactics and trial strategy.^{[30] [31] [32] [33]}

The volume The 48 Laws of Ability past Robert Greene employs philosophies covered in The Art of War.^[34]

The Art of War has also been applied in sports. National Football League coach Pecker Belichick, record holder of the most Super Basin wins in history, has stated on multiple occasions his admiration for The Art of War.^{[35] [36]} Brazilian association football coach Luiz Felipe Scolari actively used The Art of War for Brazil's successful 2002 Earth Loving cup campaign. During the tournament Scolari put passages of The Art of War underneath his players' doors in the nighttime.^{[37] [38]}

The Art of War is often quoted while developing tactics and/or strategy in esports. "Play To Win" by David Sirlin analyses applications of the ideas from The Art of State of war in modern esports. The Art of War was released in 2014 as an eastward-book companion alongside the Art of War DLC for Europa Universalis IV, a PC strategy game past Paradox Development Studios, with a foreword past Thomas Johansson.

Picture show and television [edit]

The Fine art of State of war and Dominicus Tzu have been referenced and quoted in many movies and television shows, including In the 1987 movie Wall Street, Gordon Gekko (Michael Douglas) frequently references it ^[39] The 20th James Bail film, Die Another Day (2002) also references The Art of War as the spiritual guide shared by Colonel Moon and his begetter.^[40] and in The Sopranos. In season three, episode viii ("He Is Risen"), Dr. Melfi suggests to Tony Soprano that he read the volume.^[41] and the Star Trek: The Next Generation starting time-season episode "The Last Outpost", William Riker quotes The Fine art of War to Helm Picard, who expressed pleasure that Sunday Tzu was nonetheless taught at Starfleet Academy. Later in the episode, a survivor from a long-dead nonhuman empire noted common aspects between his own people'due south wisdom and The Art of War with regard to knowing when and when not to fight.^{[ commendation needed ]}

The Art of State of war is a 2000 activeness spy film directed by Christian Duguay and starring Wesley Snipes, Michael Biehn, Anne Archer and Donald Sutherland.^[42]

Notable translations [edit]

• Sun Tzu on the Art of War. Translated by Lionel Giles. London: Luzac and Company. 1910.
• The Art of War. Translated by Samuel B. Griffith. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1963. ISBN978-0-19-501476-1. Part of the UNESCO Drove of Representative Works.
• Sunday Tzu, The Art of War. Translated by Thomas Cleary. Boston: Shambhala Dragon Editions. 1988. ISBN978-0877734529.
• The Art of Warfare. Translated by Roger Ames. Random Business firm. 1993. ISBN978-0-345-36239-i. .
• The Fine art of War. Translated by John Minford. New York: Viking. 2002. ISBN978-0-670-03156-half-dozen.
• The Art of War: Sunzi's Military Methods. Translated by Victor H. Mair. New York: Columbia University Press. 2007. ISBN978-0-231-13382-i.
• The Art of War. Translated past Peter Harris. Lowest'due south Library. 2018. ISBN978-1101908006.
• The Science of War: Sun Tzu'south Art of State of war re-translated and re-considered. Translated past Christopher MacDonald. Hong Kong: Earnshaw Books. 2018. ISBN978-988-8422-69-2.
• The Fine art of War. Translated by Michael Nylan. W.Due west. Norton & Visitor, Inc. 2020. ISBN9781324004899.

See also [edit]

Concepts [edit]

• Military treatise
• Philosophy of state of war

Books [edit]

• Achtung – Panzer! by Heinz Guderian
• Arthashastra
• Bansenshukai
• Commentarii de Bello Gallico (Commentaries on the Gallic State of war) by Julius Caesar
• Dream Pool Essays past Shen Kuo
• Epitoma rei militaris by Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus
• Guerrilla Warfare by Che Guevara
• Hagakure by Yamamoto Tsunetomo
• History of the Peloponnesian War past Thucydides
• Huolongjing by Liu Bowen
• Infanterie Greift An by Erwin Rommel
• On Protracted State of war past Mao Zedong
• On State of war by Carl von Clausewitz
• Records of the Thou Historian
• Seven Military Classics
• Seven Pillars of Wisdom by T. E. Lawrence
• The 33 Strategies of War
• The Art of War by Niccolò Machiavelli
• The Book of Five Rings (Miyamoto Musashi)
• The Influence of Sea Power upon History by Alfred Thayer Mahan
• The Jewish War by Josephus
• The Science of Military machine Strategy
• The Utility of Forcefulness by Rupert Smith
• Xxx-Six Stratagems

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

1. ^ Smith (1999), p. 216.
2. ^ Giles, Lionel The Art of State of war by Lord's day Tzu – Special Edition. Special Edition Books. 2007. p. 62.
3. ^ Hlavatý, Jozef; Ližbetin, Ján (2021-01-01). "The Utilise of the Art of War Ideas in the Strategic Decision-making of the Company". Transportation Inquiry Procedia. 14th International scientific conference on sustainable, modern and safe transport. 55: 1273–1280. doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2021.07.110. ISSN 2352-1465.
4. ^ Lewis (1999), p. 604.
5. ^ ^{a b c d east f} Gawlikowski & Loewe (1993), p. 447.
6. ^ Mair (2007), pp. 12–13.
7. ^ Mair (2007), p. nine.
8. ^ ^{a b} Mair (2007), p. 10.
9. ^ ^{a b} Gawlikowski & Loewe (1993), p. 448.
10. ^ ^{a b c} Gawlikowski & Loewe (1993), p. 449.
11. ^ Marker Edward Lewis (2005), quoted in Mair (2007), p. 18.
12. ^ Sunzi (2009). Shawn Conners (ed.). Lord's day-tzu ping fa [The art of war]. Translated by Lionel Giles (Classic ed.). El Paso, TX: El Paso Norte Press. ISBN978-ane-934255-15-5. OCLC 433665014.
13. ^ ^{a b} Griffith, Samuel B. The Illustrated Fine art of War. 2005. Oxford University Press. pp. 17, 141–43.
14. ^ ^{a b} McCready, Douglas. Learning from Sunday Tzu, Military Review, May–June 2003."Learning from Sun Tzu". Archived from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2009-12-xix .
15. ^ Interview with Dr. William Duiker, Chat with Sonshi
16. ^ Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2012). The Illustrated Art of War: Sun Tzu. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN B00B91XX8U
17. ^ Army, U. S. (1985). Military History and Professional person Development. U. South. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute. 85-CSI-21 85.
18. ^ "Letters".
19. ^ "Department of Military Didactics Chore Opportunities | United States Military Academy West Betoken". westpoint.edu . Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
20. ^ United States Military Posture for FY1989 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Press Part, 1989), 5–6, 93–94.
21. ^ "Chinese Military Strategist Dominicus Tzu Reveals Secrets to Success | Leaderonomics".
22. ^ Yevgenia Albats and Catherine A. Fitzpatrick. The State Within a State: The KGB and Its Hold on Russia – Past, Present, and Futurity. 1994. ISBN 0-374-52738-v, chapter Who was behind perestroika?
23. ^ "Search Results | book of swindles | Columbia Academy Press". Columbia University Press.
24. ^ Michaelson, Gerald. "Sun Tzu: The Art of War for Managers; 50 Strategic Rules." Avon, MA: Adams Media, 2001
25. ^ McNeilly, Marker. "Sun Tzu and the Art of Business : Six Strategic Principles for Managers. New York:Oxford Academy Press, 1996.
26. ^ Krause, Donald One thousand. "The Fine art of War for Executives: Ancient Knowledge for Today's Business Professional." New York: Berkley Publishing Group, 1995.
27. ^ Kammerer, Peter. "The Art of Negotiation." South China Morning time Mail service (April 21, 2006) p. fifteen
28. ^ Jeffrey, D (2010). "A Teacher Diary Study to Apply Aboriginal Art of War Strategies to Professional person Development". The International Journal of Learning. 7 (3): 21–36.
29. ^ Barnhizer, David. The Warrior Lawyer: Powerful Strategies for Winning Legal Battles Irvington-on-Hudson, NY: Span Street Books, 1997.
30. ^ Balch, Christopher D., "The Art of War and the Fine art of Trial Advocacy: Is There Common Ground?" (1991), 42 Mercer L. Rev. 861–73
31. ^ Beirne, Martin D. and Scott D. Marrs, The Fine art of War and Public Relations: Strategies for Successful Litigation
32. ^ Pribetic, Antonin I., "The Trial Warrior: Applying Dominicus Tzu's The Art of War to Trial Advocacy" April 21, 2007
33. ^ Solomon, Samuel H., "The Fine art of War: Pursuing Electronic Evidence as Your Corporate Opportunity"
34. ^ "The 48 Laws of Power by Robert Greene". Penguin Random House Canada . Retrieved 2020-ten-27 .
35. ^ Lauletta, Tyler. "Bill Belichick explains how communication from Sun Tzu'south 'The Art of War' helped build the Patriots dynasty". Concern Insider . Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
36. ^ "Put crafty Belichick's patriot games down to the fine fine art of war". The Sydney Forenoon Herald. 2005-02-04. Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
37. ^ July 2011, Celso de Campos Jr 01 (July 2011). "Luiz Felipe Scolari: I-on-One". fourfourtwo.com . Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
38. ^ Wintertime, Henry (June 29, 2006). "Heed games reach new high equally Scolari studies fine art of state of war". Irish gaelic Independent.
39. ^ "Bud Fox: Dominicus-tzu: If your enemy is superior, evade him. If aroused, irritate him. If equally matched, fight, and if not split and reevaluate". www.quotes.internet . Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
40. ^ Die Another Day (2002) - IMDb , retrieved 2020-06-05
41. ^ World, Boston. "Hey, if Tony'southward reading it, information technology's got to be expert". baltimoresun.com . Retrieved 2020-06-05 .
42. ^ "The Art of War (2000) - IMDb". IMDb.

Sources [edit]

• Gawlikowski, Krzysztof; Loewe, Michael (1993). "Sun tzu ping fa 孫子兵法". In Loewe, Michael (ed.). Early on Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide. Berkeley, CA: Order for the Report of Early Prc; Institute of Due east Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley. pp. 446–55. ISBN978-1-55729-043-four.
• Graff, David A. (2002). Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900. Warfare and History. London: Routledge. ISBN978-0415239554.
• Griffith, Samuel (2005). Sun Tzu: The Illustrated Art of State of war. New York: Oxford University Printing. ISBN978-0195189995.
• Lewis, Mark Edward (1999). "Warring States Political History". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward (eds.). The Cambridge History of Ancient Red china. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 587–650. ISBN978-0-521-47030-8.
• Mair, Victor H. (2007). The Art of War: Sun Zi's Military Methods. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN978-0-231-13382-ane.
• Smith, Kidder (1999). "The Military Texts: The Sunzi". In de Bary, Wm. Theodore (ed.). Sources of Chinese Tradition: From Earliest Times to 1600, Volume ane (2d ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 213–24. ISBN978-0-231-10938-3.
• Yuen, Derek M. C. (2014). Deciphering Sun Tzu: How to Read 'The Art of War' . Oxford University Printing. ISBN978-0199373512.
• Вєдєнєєв, Д. В.; Гавриленко, О. А.; Кубіцький, С. О. (2017). Остроухова, В. В. (ed.). Еволюція воєнного мистецтва: у 2 ч.

External links [edit]

• The Art of State of war at Standard Ebooks
• The Art of War Chinese-English bilingual edition, Chinese Text Project
• The Fine art of War at Project Gutenberg translated by Lionel Giles (1910)
• The Art of State of war at Projection Gutenberg translated (with Chinese text) past Lionel Giles (1910)
• The Book of War at Project Gutenberg translated by E.F. Calthrop (1908)
• The Art of War public domain audiobook at LibriVox (English language and Chinese original bachelor)
• Dominicus Tzu's Art of State of war at Sonshi (annal.today) Alternative link
• Sun Tzu and Information Warfare at the Institute for National Strategic Studies of National Defence force University
• 11 The Nine Situations | The Fine art of War by Sunday Tzu (Animated)
• The Art of War illustrated version, on Theoriq.com

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_War

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